Cuba, the largest island in the turquoise seas, is truly a one-of-a-kind Caribbean destination due to its size and population. The island is known for its vintage ’50s Cadillacs and charming, yet worn Spanish colonial architecture, which gives it a unique sense of being frozen in time. Located just 90 miles south of Key West, Florida, Cuba continues to feel the impact of the economic embargo that began in 1962, shaping its cultural landscape. From its stunning architecture to its beautiful white-sand beaches and deserted coffee plantations, a visit to Cuba offers a rich and magical experience. This guide will provide you with all the necessary information for a memorable trip to this fascinating country.

Visa Requirements

Traveling to Cuba requires a visa or a tourist card, depending on your country of residence. For US citizens, general licenses have been issued for a variety of travel categories. To visit Cuba, most foreign citizens are required to obtain a tourist card, which can be easily applied through Offvisa. There are two types of tourist cards: the Standard (Cuba Green card) for travelers from countries other than the US, and the Specific (Pink tourist card) for US citizens and travelers entering Cuba from the US. Both cards allow a 30-day single-entry stay in Cuba. All travelers must have a valid passport with at least 6 months validity to meet the requirements for traveling to Cuba.

Travel Insurance

Cuba requires all visitors to have valid travel health insurance. The insurance should cover medical expenses, including coverage for COVID-19. If you arrive without insurance, you’ll be asked to buy a Cuban policy at the airport.

Health Precautions

Cuba has a high risk of dengue fever and the Zika virus. It’s recommended to use an appropriate insect repellent and wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats. Also, safe drinking water isn’t always available. Many medications are in short supply or unavailable, so ensure you bring enough for your entire trip.
You generally do not need to be vaccinated to travel to Cuba from most countries in the world. However, it is recommended to visit an international vaccination center in your home country for specific advice.

Currency

Cuba operates with two official currencies, the Cuban convertible peso (CUC) for visitors and the Cuban peso (CUP) for locals. It's important to understand the currency system and exchange rates to manage your finances effectively. Foreign currencies, especially USD and EUR, are also widely accepted. It’s recommended to bring foreign cash to Cuba and exchange money informally once you arrive.

Safety Measures

Cuba is generally safer than many other countries, with violent attacks being rare. However, petty theft, such as theft on public transport, in tourist areas, and at the airport, can be common. It’s advised to be aware of your surroundings, do not physically resist any robbery attempt, and do not display signs of wealth.

Best Times to Visit

The best time to visit Cuba is between November and April. These are not only Cuba’s driest months but also good bets for 70-degree blue sky days made for exploring cobblestone streets and lounging on secluded postcard-perfect beaches.

Local Transport

Getting around Cuba can be an adventure of its own. Buses are the best option for inter-provincial travel. Renting a car in Cuba will give you the freedom to discover the island’s top places at your own pace. However, driving in Cuba can be challenging due to poor road conditions and poor signage. It can also be costly, with basic cars starting at a minimum of $49 USD per day plus a mandatory $20 USD insurance fee. During peak season, advanced booking is advisable.
Renting a classic car to drive around Havana can be a complex process, but hiring a driver is an alternative option. These classic cars, locally referred to as "almendrón" due to their almond shape, are not available for rent through government agencies as they are privately owned. Many classic car drivers can be found near major tourist sites, with typical prices ranging from $25 to $50 USD per hour.

It's important to note that classic cars may not be in good condition, so it should not come as a shock if they fail to meet typical standard regulations.

Customs and Etiquette

Cuban culture is a blend of indigenous, African, French, and Spanish influences. Respect and politeness are critical values in Cuban culture. Cubans are generally friendly and outgoing. Conversations in Cuba are generally very relaxed but polite. Dining etiquette in Cuba is generally the same as in the United States. 

Tipping at restaurants is not as high as in the US; a modest tip of 1–3 CUC is appreciated. It's important to be respectful and understanding of local customs and behaviors.

Language

The official language of Cuba is Spanish, with about 90% of its population speaking it as their first language. Learn some basic Spanish phrases before your trip. Saying "Hola", "Buenos días", and "Gracias", etc. is always appreciated by Cubans. Download the Spanish language pack on Google Translate to your phone so you can use it offline. This will allow you to communicate basic needs even without internet access.

Be patient and open to communicating with your limited Spanish. Cubans will appreciate the effort and are usually very friendly and helpful in working with tourists who don't speak Spanish fluently.

Must-Visit Attractions

Cuba is home to many must-visit attractions. Old Havana, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a well-preserved slice of Cuban history. Varadero is Cuba’s best beach resort, with 20km of white, powdery sand and impossibly crystalline waters. The Valle de Viñales is one of the most beautiful places in Cuba, added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List because of its dramatic landscapes. Other notable attractions include Trinidad, Guardalavaca, Playa Paraíso, Cayo Coco, Parque Nacional Viñales, Baracoa, The Malecon, Havana, Che Guevara Mausoleum, Santa Clara, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Castillo de San Pedro del Morro, Santiago de Cuba, Peninsula de Zapata, El Nicho Waterfalls, Parque Historico Militar, Havana, Plaza de la Revolucion, Havana, and Fusterlandia.

In conclusion, Cuba is a country that offers a unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. With the right preparation and knowledge, your trip to Cuba can be an unforgettable experience. Enjoy your journey!